Help with Economics assignment from the best writers in the industry. Buy your Economics paper from the experts to get A+ quality documents written with precision. Our team of experts stays available round the clock to provide top quality assistance on crucial areas of Economics Economics Assignment Question 1 The single largest source of total revenue of New Zealand’s government is tax revenue which is around 91 percent of the total core revenue of the treasury Assignments Exams Download Course Materials; Solutions are not available for the problem sets. Problem Set 1 (PDF) Data Files for Problem Set 1. blogger.com (DTA) Democracy Stata 11/dta (DTA) Democracy Stata dta (DTA) Problem Set 2 (PDF) Problem Set 3 (PDF)
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Both nominal and real GDP have been increased in year by the same amount and rate since prices are same for both the years i. there economics assignments no inflation. a The target band of inflation set by Bank of New Zealand RBNZ is between 1 and 3 percent.
However, the given CPI growth rates lies outside the range and is even below than the lower value, economics assignments. One of economics assignments main reasons of this low inflation rate is the economics assignments NZ DLR. Another reason must be the inflation targeting approach of monetary policy followed by RBNZ, economics assignments.
Costs of unemployment include loss of current output, loss of skill and motivation, social exclusion and loss of freedom, psychological harms, subverting of family life, loss of social values and responsibility, economics assignments, ill health and reduced life expectancy, and increase in crime rate. These are economics assignments, social, national, and welfare cost of unemployment at micro and macro level respectively Mitchell, Edwardes, B.
and Frizelle, F. Globalization and Its Impact on The South Pacific. Journal of the New Zealand Medical Association Labonte, M. Monetary Policy and the Federal Reserve: Current Policy and Conditions. Mitchell, B. The costs of unemployment — again. Web log comment. Pakko, economics assignments, R. and Pollard, S. Rittenberg, L. and Tregarthen, T. Principles of Microeconomics, V. NY, United States: Flat World Knowledge, L. View This Sample. From World's No.
October 7, Get Economics Assignment Help from Masters and PhD Qualified Experts. nz, Price stability is one of the five major macroeconomic objectives which also include sustainable economic growth, full employment, balance of payment equilibrium, and equitable distribution of income and wealth.
Price stability tends to avoid both inflation and deflation. It ensures stable and predictable conditions which allow economic agents to take decisions smoothly and effectively. Thus pursing price stability objectives help promotes stable economic growth by allowing producers to make efficient decisions of production and resource allocation. Price stability can also economics assignments high employment rates economics assignments consistent with the high, sustainable economic growth rate.
Inflation-controlling monetary policies, which are meant to promote stability, economics assignments, discourage imports and encourage exports thus maintaining the balance of payment. Finally, price stability also contributes in equitable distribution of wealth and income by preventing arbitrary redistribution that often arises in inflationary and deflationary environments thus saving the weakest socioeconomic group from the hazards of inflation.
Similarly, in the given case of China and New Zealand, higher economic growth of Economics assignments is being backed with high pollution rates, as compared to that in New Zealand. Given this information, one can expect that Chinese residents are worse off, or at least not considerably better off, economics assignments, as a result of growth-related initiatives in the economy.
Indeed, some of the environmental degradation economics assignments tend to economics assignments GDP, for instance, polluted air may force people to wash more clothes, paints buildings more often, etc.
Such activities tend to boost GDP of the country Rittenberg and Tregarthen, Thus, polluting environment of China should be controlled in order to have the Chinese residents enjoy the economic growth else their economic wellbeing will be worse off, on the average.
To determine whether the country is in recession or not, the data to be used includes GDP growth, unemployment level, economics assignments, and inflation. If the GDP shrinks, unemployment rises, and inflation is unfavorably high, the country can be expected to be in recession. In recession, the economy of the country shrinks i. The unemployment rises to a very high level followed with high layoff rate economics assignments the organizations.
Not only this, inflation rises and prices become unstable. Economic agents have to suffer in regard to their optimization decisions and living conditions also tend to worse off since aggregate demand decreases substantially in recession. The government can take two initiatives to aid in recession phase of the country.
First it can either decrease tax rate, economics assignments. For instance, if the prevailing tax rate is 25 percent it can be decreased to the rate enough to direct the spending on the upward track i, economics assignments. The tax rate is supposed to be decreased to the level when government is not facing fiscal deficits which can substantially reduce its spending in the coming periods.
The second possible initiative is to increase the government spending, economics assignments. This will increase aggregate demand and thus boost the economy again. Question 2 The two sector model describes the pattern of circular flow in an economy between the two sectors households and firms. In this basic version of the circular flow model, it economics assignments assumed that there is no government and external sector.
In the income flow, or can say real flow of income, the households supply the economics assignments of production to the firms in the form of land, labor, Capital and Enterprise. The firms, in return, provide the households economics assignments goods and services that are produced using these factors of production.
In the money flow, or can say money flow of income, the money flows from the firm to the households in the form of rent, wages, economics assignments, interest and profits. Since households are the suppliers of factor of productions, firms pay income to households for utilizing those factors.
Similarly money flows from the households to the firms since households pay firms the money in exchange of goods and services bought from the firms. That is the consumption expense of household is the income for firms.
Thus economics assignments two sectors interact by exchanging money and income at different stages. Year Nominal GDP Real GDP Both nominal and real GDP have been increased in year by the same amount and rate since prices are same for both the years i.
Cut in official cash rate i. This reduces consumption spending and thus aggregate demand curve shifts left, economics assignments. As a economics assignments, real GDP decreases and so the general price level as shown in the following diagram. Increase in levels of innovation, efficiency and productivity of companies encourages them to produce more as they face lower cost and enjoy more efficiency than before.
This increases production and thus aggregate supply curve shifts right. As a result, economics assignments, real GDP increases and general price level decreases as shown in the following diagram.
When households put debt before spending, they economics assignments to reduce their spending and use the income to repay their debt.
The result is decrease in aggregate demand as shown in the above figure in part 1. Question 3 Year CPI Growth Sep Sep 0. CPI growth rate can represent the inflation rate of the country if economics assignments changes in consumption basket comprise substantially large part the overall price changes since CPI reflects just the price level of consumption goods and not the general price level.
Though, CPI growth rate is often used as a good proxy of inflation especially when consumption is being considered as the target component of GDP.
Question 4 Running a budget deficit has both pros and cons. Though, modest borrowing meant to invest in infrastructure upgradation, education, or other growth oriented project is important due to the benefits that from these investments are expected to pay more than the interest accrued on the debt. Another advantage of budget deficit and thus high borrowing as a resultant is the military advantage to economics assignments gained by the nation.
Mainly if the nation is at war, it needs to borrow to pay for its armed forces to attain security. The main disadvantage of the budget deficit is that the government must pay interest on loans. Budget deficit restricts the amount of money economics assignments the government can spend in the future.
Any revenue that the government has to pay on its future interest payments reduces the amount of revenue that it can spend on other projects. The government economics assignments not be able to take out future loans tofund new projects that produce better results than the projects that it ran a current deficit to fund, economics assignments.
Secondly, too much government borrowing can cause harm to the economy by raising market interest rates. This crowds out the private investment and tends to shrink the profitable investment opportunities as well as production. One of the two main causes of inflation is the increase in aggregate demand relative to aggregate supply, economics assignments.
Second main reason is increase in money supply which leads to the depreciation of local currency. Increase in money supply decreases interest rate and thus households prefer to hold more cash to be used for spending. Since people have more money to spend, economics assignments increases more than economics assignments income and thus economics assignments the inflation. The main monetary policy tool to be used by RBNZ is the official cash rate.
The shrinkage in liquidity increases the market interest rates and reduces the demand for credit. Thus in the short term, official cash rate economics assignments effects on money market and investment market only thus decreasing the interest sensitive consumption and investment.
Monetary policy has its effect on goods and labor market too in the long run, along with the money market and investment market, but in terms of the economics assignments and not in terms of the income and employment levels.
Secondly, expectations sluggishly economics assignments to the changes in monetary policy. This sluggish adaption also adds inflexibilities to wages and prices due to which changes in money and credit growth can have an outsized initial effect on output, economics assignments, notwithstanding up to 2 years, before the economy entirely reacts to monetary policy actions.
Similarly in the labor market, employments contracts are renegotiated and expectations also adapt in the long run, thus wages and prices go up owing to the increase in demand while most of the change in output and employment is washed-up. Over the longer run, decrease in growth of money and credit, as a result of contractionary monetary policy, leads to decrease in inflation with slight, if any, durable effect on real GDP.
Thus, economics assignments, monetary policy does count in the short run but in the longer run it is quite indifferent in terms of GDP growth and employment. That would result in decrease in local prices of primary producers in America which is a disincentive for American producers and will reduce their profitability.
Thus, due to the threat of competition, economics assignments, which they will face if primary products easily imported, American farmers do not want international trade barriers lifted on primary produce entering the United States. However, since New Zealand is economics assignments exporter of the primary produce, economics assignments, farmers in New Zealand lobby to remove trade barriers on imports of these economics assignments entering the U.
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Economics Assignment Question 1 The single largest source of total revenue of New Zealand’s government is tax revenue which is around 91 percent of the total core revenue of the treasury Jul 15, · Economics Assignment Sample. Broadly speaking, economics is the elementary system of production, organization, distribution and consumption of goods and services amongst the government, its citizens and the various business organisations catering to both. As a subject, economics can prove to be very confusing for many because of its analytical blogger.comted Reading Time: 5 mins Assignments Exams Download Course Materials; Solutions are not available for the problem sets. Problem Set 1 (PDF) Data Files for Problem Set 1. blogger.com (DTA) Democracy Stata 11/dta (DTA) Democracy Stata dta (DTA) Problem Set 2 (PDF) Problem Set 3 (PDF)
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